Science, Philosophy, and Physical Geography by Robert Inkpen (Chapter 2. The Nature of Reality)

Science, Philosophy, and Physical Geography by Robert Inkpen (Chapter 2. The Nature of Reality)

by S.T. PradopoNo Comments
Bab 2. Sifat Realitas Karya Terjemahan : Science, Philosophy, and Physical Geography by Robert Inkpen. Disclaimer : Buku "Science, Philosophy, dan Physical Geography" oleh Robert Inkpen diterjemahkan oleh S.T Pradopo dalam rangka tugas mata kuliah Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan Program S3 Ilmu Geografi. Tidak digunakan untuk kepentingan komersial. Harap selalu mencantumkan pengarang dan sumber referensi apabila ada pihak-pihak yang ingin menggunakan. Terimakasih. Ringkasan Geografi fisik mempelajari kenyataan dianggap sebagai entitas eksternal dan dapat dipelajari. Meskipun mereka tidak pernah dapat memiliki pengetahuan mutlak terhadap realitas eksternal ini mereka dapat mengatur dan menggunakan informasi untuk berdebat dan mencapai kesepakatan tentang sifat representasi mereka tentang realitas. Positivisme logis percaya kemungkinan untuk merasakan kenyataan sebagaimana galibnya dan bahwa mungkin untuk menemukan hukum yang sebenarnya mengenai entitas riil melalui informasi sensor. Penelitian diarahkan untuk membuktikan realitas sebagaimana seperti yang kita percaya itu harus menjadi. Rasionalisme kritis mengambil pandangan yang lebih kritis dari pencarian atas sebuah realitas. Para rasionalis kritis melihat pengujian dan memalsukan ide sebagai fitur penting dari penelitian ilmiah. Pengetahuan tidak...
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UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #6 – What geologic processes might cause the forces that can hold a region out of isostatic equilibrium?

UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #6 – What geologic processes might cause the forces that can hold a region out of isostatic equilibrium?

by S.T. PradopoNo Comments
UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #6 - What geologic processes might cause the forces that can hold a region out of isostatic equilibrium? - On a geological scale, isostasy can be observed where the Earth's strong lithosphere exerts stress on the weaker asthenosphere which, over geological time flows laterally such that the load of the lithosphere is accommodated by height adjustments. It was ascertained that disturbances of the isostatic equilibrium are the result of the active geotectonic process and that isostatic forces are passive as tectonic factor. In the geological time scale the readjustment takes place instantaneously, therefore isostatic anomalies of gravity may be considered as direct indications of the modern tectonic activity. However, some continental collisions are far more complex than this, and the region may not be in isostatic equilibrium. Certain areas (such as the Himalayas) are not in isostatic equilibrium, in the case of the Himalayas, by proposing that their elevation is being "propped-up" by the force of the...
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UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #5 – Why asthenosphere is important to understand the dynamic of Earth’s crust?

UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #5 – Why asthenosphere is important to understand the dynamic of Earth’s crust?

by S.T. PradopoNo Comments
UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #5 - Why asthenosphere is important to understand the dynamic of Earth’s crust? - Asthenosphere is part of the upper mantle which is partially molten, a relatively narrow, and mobile zone of the mantle. The asthenosphere is a weak zone, formed of mostly solid rock (with perhaps a little magma mixed in), and flows very slowly, in a manner similar to the ice at a bottom of a glacier. The rigid lithosphere is believed to "float" or move about on the slowly flowing asthenosphere....
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UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #4 – What facts make it probable that Earth’s core is composed of mostly iron?

UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #4 – What facts make it probable that Earth’s core is composed of mostly iron?

by S.T. PradopoNo Comments
UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A - What facts make it probable that Earth’s core is composed of mostly iron? - The analogy for this fact is big magnet theory. The magnetic field of the Earth is more or less like that would be produced if there were a giant bar magnet at the center of the Earth. This assumption is obtained according to the fact that the earth is dynamic. Pressure and movement attached to metal (iron) will make a magnetic power to such metal. Since the earth have a magnetic field (gravitation), it is assumed that beneath the earth must be metal material. In this case, the most powerful metal to be given a magnetic power is iron. The Earth's field sometimes switches polarity and compasses would point South. This happened last about 780,000 years ago and could happen again any millenia now. These facts confirm the existence of a fluid outer core made of pure metal. It is the motions in...
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UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #3 – What would Earth be like without solar heating?

UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #3 – What would Earth be like without solar heating?

by S.T. PradopoNo Comments
UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET Q/A #3 - What would Earth be like without solar heating? - The life is impossible to find. There will be no existence of life in this world since all of the processes of living creatures need solar heat for their “fuel”. Plant produces food storage in their body tissues by photosynthesis which needs radiation from sunlight. On the other hand, solar heating also influence physical processes in the Earth. The Earth would probably not be fit for life. Hydrological cycle needs Sun radiation as trigger. Radiation heats the atmosphere. Therefore, unequal condition of atmospheric pressure will occur. This will move the air. From this point, weather will be influenced. Without the Sun, Earth would be an icy rock in space....
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